Mystery of Moby Dick - Free Essay Example

Moby Dick tells the story of a former schoolteacher called Ishmael, who joins a whaling voyage after a severe bout of depression. He befriends Queequeq, a harpooner, and the two quickly become friends. The voyage they sign up for is on the Pequod. They will be hunting sperm whales for three years, but their captain is Ahab, a strange man who isolates himself in his cabin. It is revealed he was attacked by a great, white whale called Moby Dick and lost his leg due to it. Hunting down the animal in Ahabs constant goal throughout, with Ishmael, Queequeq, and the rest of the crew along for the long, long ride. Ishmael is an unusual narrator, who often pauses the story and speaks of his own knowledge and experiences. He can be in a dire situation with his shipmates, or he can go off on a tangent about the biology of whales. Even still, the novel is filled with countless events, from discovering Ahab has secretly allowed an entirely different boat crew on board and having to endure typhoons, to watching the obsession with Moby Dick grow deeper and deeper into madness. The titular whale rarely shows itself, and its final appearance is towards the end of the journey, with one final battle between Ahab and Moby Dick. By the end of ever ything, Ishmael is left alone drifting in the ocean after losing against the sheer power of the whale. He is the lone survivor of the voyage and the only one who could tell the tale. Moby Dick can be interpreted in a number of ways, but Daniel Paliwoda contemplates if the animal is a religious symbol. Paliwoda believes Moby Dick is a representation of a deity and religious conflict, whether the beings is benevolent or malevolent is up for debate. In his criticism, he remarks how drastically Ahabs life changed after encountering the whale, much like how a persons life shifts upon discovering faith in any religion. In a sense, and one aspect the author does not point out, Ahab resembles a faith in religion gone too far. His fascination with Moby Dick is understandable, but he becomes overly zealous and drags everyone in his crew along for his goal; it is one of the largest plot points in the book. He can think of little else, blinded by his own beliefs, and refuses to give in, even until his last breath. He cares more about Moby Dick than he does saving the people who has traveled with him for so long. With Moby Dick still alive, Ahab wonders how he can live his li fe. Having been crippled by the whale, Ahab prefers not to be in life for anything else but to seek revenge. Everything in life irritates him because it dulls and numbs his purpose. He has no need of anything that does not bring him closer to killing the white whale, notes Paliwoda. In the same vein, the albino whale is barely in the story; it is constantly talked about by the other characters, and its name is the title of the book, yet it refuses to show itself. It resembles God, a being that exists in the minds of many, yet invisible and hiding from a physical existence. Its fury shows when it finally appears. However, it can also be argued that Moby Dick is more akin to the Devil, tempting Ahab until he reaches his watery demise. It torments the captains mind endlessly, plaguing every single thought he has; it brings an otherwise ordinary person into a deep, relentless sin. Ahab himself mentions he does not sleep well, and when he dreams, it is full of frenzies and clashing. Whil e both sides have validity and evidence, it may be best to view Moby Dick as the idea of a deity, instead of a specific one. In either interpretation, it is something that transcends humanity and its actions and mindset are far beyond our thinking. The fact that it can be seen as either is a contradiction within itself and that is the point; the novel contains so many ideas and themes that a concrete explanation is impossible to find. In Chris O. Cooks critique, he pondered on the contrast between the whale and his pursuer, Ahab. Ahab appears to only have one purpose throughout the entire novel, to battle Moby Dick again, and kill the great beast; for what reason, it is never fully explained if it is for revenge for his leg, or if he is unable to handle defeat. He has a definitive purpose in the story, acting as a driving force that leads the crew along. Interestingly, the whale holds this same push in the narrative, and yet it is far more ambiguous in nature. It does not have a clear meaning or goal, remaining a mystery until the last word in the novel. The titular whale is barely even present throughout the story, remaining elusive and physically appearing around three times. One is naturally tempted to regard Moby-Dick as allegory, even to the point of suspecting the literal element to be almost wholly arbitrary as merely the most convenient delivery system for whatever codified import the book intends. The nov el dares us to do this, even as it exhorts us not to; it is, of course, for doing precisely this that Ahab is ruined: He is powerless to refrain from imposing significance onto that which is mere existence and nothing more Cook here points out the strangeness of the two, comparing how we share similarities with Ahab even if we do not realize it. Ahab chases after Moby Dick; a human chases after something on a grander scale than he can hope to grasp. The persistent captain was injured and punished for his lack of knowledge, in his attempt to grasp what he did not have: the whale who symbolizes the limits of what is comprehensible by man. Despite the heavy warning, Ahab does not cease his journey to claim Moby Dick for himself, and it ultimately leads to his watery demise. Moby Dick does not even directly kill him; the harpoon Ahab throws misses and the rope wraps itself tightly around his neck, bringing him under the surface. In other words, he brought danger upon himself; it did not come to him. The death being by his own hands only lends more foolishness upon him. But in the great Sperm Whale, this high and mightily god-like dignity inherent in the brow is so immensely amplified that gazing on it, in that full front view, you feel the Deity and the dread powers more forcibly than in beholding any other object in living nature (Melville 386). To make the creature even more enigmatic, there are bizarre hieroglyphics upon its head that no one can translate. Cook even notes how the novels genre, difficult to pinpoint, adds to its charm and mysteriousness. It contains countless different elements that suggest it is an epic, a tragedy, a transcendentalist work, an adventure novel, or even a horror story. Melville likely delighted in his experimental writing, wishing it to be an amalgamation. The author ends his article with a devoid, yet truthful sentiment about the boundaries humans cannot cross: After all the prophecy has been fulfilled, Ishmael, lone survivor of the Pequod, floats to his eventual rescue on the empty coffin of his friend Queequeg. But those who try to find a moral explanation for Ishmaels survival will be stymied, as, once again, the answer is devoid of significance: Ishmael does not survive because of anything; rather, he is the narrator because he survived had he not, then someone else, or no-one at all, would be telling the story. It has been said that the function of the epic is to parallel and accordingly, assign meaning to the very fact of human existence. Moby-Dick, in the end, assigns to life the most terrifying possible explanation: utter chance (Cook). Ishmael did not earn his survival, not by skill or good works or courage; instead, he was the last one left alive because that was merely how it worked out in the end. He is not the chosen hero or the only one who can defeat the whale. He is a mortal man who could have easily died along with his shipmates and captain. In contrast to pondering Ahab and the whale, April Gentry discusses how Ishmael regards the beast. Ironically enough, he tells the reader to not read too much into the story and not to mistake it for an allegory; however, we cannot help but to do so. Ishmael himself is uncertain of what the great beast is a symbol of, as he considers how white is both a pure and feared color. He speaks of how it has always been holy and revered, And though in other mortal sympathies and symbolizings, this same hue is made the emblem of many touching, noble things-the innocence of brides, the benignity of age; though among the Red Men of America the giving of the white belt of wampum was the deepest pledge of honor (Melville 208). However, he does consider the negative connotations of the color: This elusive quality it is, which causes the thought of whiteness, when divorced more kindly associations, and coupled with any object terrible in itself, to heighten that terror to its further bounds. Witness the white bear of the poles, and the white shark of the tropics; what but their smooth, flaky whiteness makes the transcendent horrors they are? (Melville 209). He goes back and forth, contemplating various views and aspects, musing that it can be frightening due to lack of warmth and coldness, yet acknowledges that it is a mystic, divine color. Though, by the end, he does not know what is correct, just like many of us. He does not know what the whale is or what is it supposed to mean, but it just is what it is. Chapter 99, The Doubloon, is another example of how one singular item can be viewed in so many ways. Ahab studies a gold doubloon, pondering on what the inscriptions may represent. Ahab sees pride and structures in the coin: Theres something ever egotistical in mountain-tops and towers, and all other grand and lofty things; look here, -three peaks as proud as Lucifer (Melville 480). Yet, Stubb believes the symbols are the various signs of the zodiac, while Flask does not ca re and sees it as simple money to purchase cigars with; no one on the ship can reach an agreement on its meaning. It is commentary on how no matter how strong and detailed an argument is, people will always disagree and see it in a completely different light; additionally, it can also be commentary on how critics search for meaning in every aspect of a story, even if there is none to be found. The article continues on to state the same sentiment: Pips initial response to the coin, I look, you look, he looks; we look, ye look, they look, has been taken by many critics as Melvilles statement on the scene itself and on the issue of interpretation in general. Everyone looks, and sees what he will, says April Gentry. It is a bizarre paradox, but one that humans must confront again and again. Moby Dick is everything we lack, and yet in both the book and outside of it, the whale is still judged and viewed by mortal eyes as we search for meaning in its existence. Moby Dick is a book filled with countless possible themes and symbols, but the white whale is perhaps the most mysterious and intriguing. The whales ephemeral and otherworldly nature represents mans limited knowledge and wisdom, and in that same sense, can be a symbol for infinite possibilities. In a paradoxical way, the whales endless interpretations prove our restrained knowledge, as we are unable to identify it as something we do not know. The reason many interpretations often are opposites of each other is because, to us, all we can see is contradictions within something we do not understand. Like the concept of God and Satan, Moby Dick is beyond human comprehension, holding power that we can only strive to attain and driving us mad if taken too far. Mankind must make do with what it can. Rather than claiming the white whale represents the Christian God or the Christian Devil, it is more proper to say that it represents the concept of a god: an ephemeral being who knows everythin g and is everywhere at once. Melville did not intend for the whale to represent one specific aspect, rather hold the potential for countless interpretations; in this sense, he reminds us of how human we truly are.

Analysis Of The Article Vandalized By Gregory Rodriguez

In today s society, politics has become the uproar of many citizens daily lives. Many would ask how has hate become such an issue in the United States. Moreover, how does hate and politics are similar to each other. The article â€Å"Vandalized by Speech† states â€Å"America s future depends on how well we learn to manage our diversity. Yet when it comes to hate speech, we pretty much adhere to the advice we give elementary school students to defend themselves against bullies†. However, the author Gregory Rodriguez informs how giving a speech can over turn onto a hate approach. Mr. Rodriguez also quotes Jeremy Waldron a New York University political philosopher that â€Å"racist rhetoric is a slow-acting poison†. Additionally this causes those who have a positive outlook on society to become difficult to be good hearted people (Jeremy Waldron). Negative views on certain situations such as judging one of its nationality of being criminals depresses the politic al participation of citizens. Such cases can trigger signs of those who may have a disorder. Moreover, extreme racism is being in the mindset of causing someone harm generally to the point where murdering someone takes in action. Criminal injustice has been occurring for decades in America; however, many would question, why does it occur? Most are due to extreme racist acts upon a community of people. While crimes increase, most individuals claim that it is being caused by those who are suffering from mental illness, not

The Importance Of Adolf Hitler - 1480 Words

Ever wonder how a man can rise in power and almost take over the world? Hitler almost took over the world and did it ruthlessly to get where he got. How do you get to be a supreme leader from being a lowly citizen? It may seem impossible, but if you’re in the right place at the right time, speaking your mind and others agree, you could rise to the top. Adolf Hitler did just that and became to be one of the most corrupt and malicious dictators of all time. Hitler’s leadership was vitally important in his time of reign in Germany because with the amount of power he gained, he had taken advantage of his own German government and as he continued, he sought to make for world domination. Like everybody in the world, people need a beginning.†¦show more content†¦He gave them each of these necessities as promised and because he had succeeded doing these things, people followed him. His second step was to take the land back from the European countries that had even a little bit of German ancestry or history. He was looking for a German world to create. Hitler has said to want to â€Å"protect† all German people and countries. His goal for German nationalism was his drive or motivation to do these things. Of course, his last step was to succeed world domination. He would just create more military and take more land until he could be stopped. German nationalism is the pride and showing of German heritage and union of Germany. This was one of Hitler’s main goals to prevail in a small way. He talked about taking over any land that was once inhabited by Germans. This meant places like Austria and Czechoslovakia. Hitler was very anti-semitic and used propaganda to encourage others to turn anti-semitic. His hatred for Jews was very unfortunate to the Jews. Hitler’s life had many events including Jews. When Hitler was younger, he applied for an art school but was rejected by the man in charge of the school. This man was a Jew and applied fuel to his hate fire. The famous â€Å"Book Burning† was an event that occurred on May 10th, 1933 which encouraged a cleansing of literature and the burning included the books of the Jews. Hitler did not believe the beliefs of Jews or Christianity. OnShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Adolf Hitler1214 Words   |  5 Pages Hitler- a well known man during WWII and now- was an extremely significant leader of history all around. At the time being Germany did not realize nor notice what was wrong with Adolf Hitler’s way of leading. In fact, in the beginning they were willing to follow him and all of what he had spoken out for. However, that didn’t change the fact that there were still downsides to what he convinced others to believe in and what he wanted as a leader. Nonetheless, these factors don’t overcomeRead MoreImportance Of Adolf Hitler1270 Words   |  6 Pagesskills that people have to learn to run a country. But this is not the same for Adolf Hitler because he had the skills of giving excellent speeches as well as having the right evidence to back up his statements. All of these events happened after World War One so Germany was in a total economic collapse because of the Treaty of Versailles and the people were desperate to be saved from the rules they had to follow. Hitle r was a Corporal during World War One, after being promoted because his entire teamRead MoreWas the Treaty of Versailles the Major Cause of World War Two? 1034 Words   |  4 Pagesresulting in a Great Depression in Germany. Additionally, the Treaty of Versailles’ war guilt clause forced Germans to admit full responsibility for starting the war. Furthermore, to gain the support of the German populace, Adolf Hitler adopted an effective propaganda campaign. Adolf Hitler employed a successful propaganda campaign to gain the support of the German people combined with the Treaty of Versailles harsh economic and political sanctions ignited World War Two. As the end of World War One, GermanyRead MoreWas the Treaty of Versailles the Major Cause of World War Two? 1148 Words   |  5 Pagesresulting in a Great Depression in Germany. Additionally, the Treaty of Versailles’ war guilt clause forced Germans to admit full responsibility for starting the war. Furthermore, to gain the support of the German populace, Adolf Hitler adopted an effective propaganda campaign. Adolf Hitler employed a successful propaganda campaign to gain the support of the German people combined with the Treaty of Versailles harsh economic and political sanctions ignited World War Two. At the end of World War One, GermanyRead More Adolf Hitlers Leadership and the Government that Follows Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesrich exploit the proletariat.† This is the exact idea that Adolf Hitler had. If the people knew just how much strength they had as a whole, it was enough to over throw the power of one man. In Animal Farm, the pigs didn’t feel as if they were being treated equally and were able to over throw one leader who just so happens to be Mr. Frederick, the tough owner of Pinchfield who portrays Germany, or in finer terms, Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler was a dictator of the German Nazi movement. He was born AprilRead MoreNegative Essay : Meiin Kampf904 Words   |  4 PagesGermany officially became a Nazi state in 1933 when a man by the name of Adolf Hitler seized total power of the country. Mein Kampf, or â€Å"My Struggle†, was written in 1923 by Adolf Hitler in prison. This book clearly outlines Hitler’s ideology as well as his beliefs in making Germany a superpower. In Mein Kampf, the opening volume expresses Hitler’s relations with the Jews. Hitler clearly blames the fall of Germany and the economic crisis on the Jews. He mentions how Jews are selfish and stingy andRead MoreMaking Meanings Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pagestheir goals. Adolf Hitler, Germany’s ‘fuhrer’, was impressed by the power of allied propaganda during World War One (Calvin College 2004). The Nazi’s heavily portrayed an imminent defeat for their enemies and a need for security through different mediums having a powerful and psychological effect on their intended audience. The advert is an ideal example of the socially constructed reality of the time, through the use of codes the image has also reinforced the power of Adolf Hitler and naturalisedRead MoreThe Key Role Of The 1936 Summer Olympic Games1635 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the future, all of these things were exactly what the Nazi Party promised if elected. Using the promise of a better future and sense of German pride, and using the 1936 Olympic Games as a stage to show how great things were under Nazi rule, Adolf Hitler was able to win over the hearts of German citizens and people all around the world so that he could implement his ruthless agenda upon the people of Europe and the world. In the 1936 Summer Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany, the rise of Nazi GermanyRead MoreLife in Nazi Germany1285 Words   |  6 Pagesprayers were made optional. Prayers written by Baldur von Schirach, the head of the Hitler Youth, that praised Adolf Hitler, were introduced and had to be said before eating school meals. One of the most important changes made by Rust was the establishment of elite schools called Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalten (Napolas). To enter you had to have racial origin, physical fitness and you had to be a member of Hitler youth. These schools were run by the SS and there main objective was to create theRead MorePropaganda and Radio Broadcasting In Nazi Germany Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1933 Adolf Hitler was chosen as Chancellor of Germany by president Paul von Hindenburg. With this, the Nazi party came to power. Originally called the National Socialist German Workers party (Nazi for short), the Nazi party emphasized how Laissez-faire capitalism, economic liberalism, and democracy failed in government. The National Socialists stressed the importance of the impeccability of the German race. Although they had very determined ideas, The Nazi party began as a relatively sma ll group

Characteristics Of A Tragic Hero - 944 Words

The main classification for a character to be known as a tragic hero is that the so-call hero has some type a flaw that causes cloudiness in his/her judgment, and leads to the downfall of himself/herself or those around him/her. In Aristotle s Poetics, he describes what characteristics a tragic hero will mostly like have, since both Euripides s Medea and Homer s Achilles have downfalls that not only affect them but also the those around them, they should be classified as tragic heroes by Aristotle s definition and by today s definition. One of the characteristics of a tragic hero according to Aristotle is that the protagonist must come from nobility, so that the downfall of the character is greater than an average person s, and should have some type of unique skills or abilities. It is clear that both Medea and Achilles have this characteristic. Medea was the daughter of Aeà «tes, king of Colchis, and the wife the Greek warrior Jason; she is also known for her magic abilities. Achilles was a Greek warrior, who was also son of Peleus, king of the Myrmidons, and Thetis, minor nature goddess. Therefore, the previous background information alone fulfills one characteristic of a tragic hero. Another of the characteristic of a tragic hero is that the main character has personality traits that leads to their downfall. Both Achilles and Medea share common personalities traits such as being short-tempered, prideful, and thirst for revenge. At the beginning of Homer sShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of A Tragic Hero1295 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Aristotle, a Tragic Hero is described as a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his/her destruction. Aristotle once said that A man doesnt become a hero until he can see the root of his downfall. 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A tragic hero is someone who makesRead MoreCharacteristics of a Tragic Hero in Oedipus the King by Sophocles1238 Words   |  5 PagesThrough Aristotle’s specific definition of a tragic hero, it can be concluded that Oedipus is a tragic hero. Oedipus The King was written by a well-known tragic dramatist named Sophocles. This story is considered to be one of the greatest tragedies of all time. In fact, the Marjorie Barstow of the Classical Weekly says that it â€Å"fulfills the function of a tragedy, and arouses fear and pity in the high est degree† (Barstow). It is also very controversial because of the relationship that Oedipus hasRead More John Proctor is a Tragic Hero in The Crucible by Arthur Miller688 Words   |  3 PagesGreeks, tragic heroes have been used to enhance the meaning of a play or literary work. Any character cannot be described as tragic hero. Several key characteristics are necessary for the tragic hero to possess in order to be characterized as such. He must be high-ranked or have a high standing in the community. He must have a weakness or a tragic flaw and be involved in a struggle. In the end, that struggle will lead to his downfall. Arthur Miller purposely incorporates these characteristics into JohnRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1521 Words   |  7 PagesAn Aristotelian tragic hero is a literary character who makes a judgment that ultimately leads to his or her own destruction. An example of a true Aristotelian tragic hero is Creon from Sophocles’ play, Antig one. Creon is the tragic hero because he goes through the five stages of a tragic hero which leads to his destruction. His tragic flaw is him being afraid to admit that he has made a mistake. He is too proud of his power and his ability to make laws which leads to his son and wife committingRead More The Tragic Hero: Creon or Antigone? Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone and Creon can both be thought of as the tragic hero of the play. Though Antigone does show some of these characteristics of a tragic hero, Creon demonstrates the attributes more clearly and concisely. Creon is the King of Thebes, as well as the uncle of Antigone. Creon took the throne after a tragic quarrel between his two nephews, Eteocles and Polyneices. Despite his harsh governing and his crude ideals, he is not good or bad. Creon is the tragic hero of the play Antigone, because of his superiorityRead MoreAntigone by Sophocles1059 Words   |  5 Pages In the book Antigone, Creon and Antigone can be considered as the tragic heroes of the play. Antigone is considered the tragic hero because of the characteristics she shows such as her ambition to defeat Creon, Creon shows more of the characteristics clearly. Creon is the king of Thebes. He is also Antigones uncle. Creon became king after a fight between Eteocles and Polyneices. One may see Creon as a harsh and controlling ruler, but he is not good nor bad because he shows signs of both like whenRead MoreCharacteristics Of Michael Jackson712 Words   |  3 PagesMichael Jackson a tragic hero? Well, What is a tragic hero? A tragic hero is someone who is great or virtuous character who is destined for downfall, suffering or defeat. Michael Jackson fits characteristics of a tragic hero. Many people remember him by his influence on people and music.Some of the ways he did inspire people was by doing things for children. Michael fits the characteristics as a tragic hero in many differen t ways with all the downfalls and positive things he has done for us todayRead MoreExamples Of John Proctor In The Crucible985 Words   |  4 PagesProctor; Tragic Hero or Ordinary Joe Plays have been used as a method of storytelling and form of entertainment for hundreds of years. A tragedy is one type of play where the audience pities the characters and fear the same consequences that the characters face. In addition, tragedies often include a tragic hero who has a tragic flaw causing his or her downfall. One example of a play that is a tragedy and includes a tragic hero is the The Crucible. John Proctor in The Crucible is a true tragic heroRead More Shakespeare - Tragic Heros Essay625 Words   |  3 Pagesamp;quot;tragic heroamp;quot;, which has become synonymous with Shakespearean dramas, was developed before Hamlet, Macbeth or any of Shakespeare’s well-known plays were written. The literary term was actually discovered around 330 BC by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. Through his theory of catharsis, Aristotle debated that the great plays of Sophicles, Euripides, and other Greek playwrights contained tragic heroes similar to each other, which all portrayed four basic characteristics (amp;quot;English

Prejudice and Ethics in Counselling free essay sample

If a counsellor finds herself drifting into judgemental thoughts upon listening to a client describe a lifestyle in which she eats all day, while attempting to lose weight, it will be extremely difficult for me to keep the results of my emotional response to this judgemental attitude from reflecting in my voice and choice of words in working with the client. Clients may be dysfunctional, but they arent emotionally insensitive or unintelligent, and are very likely to hear the implied feelings of the therapist. Obviously, this will do little to establish or maintain the kind of trust necessary for effective counselling. I need to recognise this more in myself. I am sure that intellectually I try to have no prejudices; however I know that I do because I can tell by the tone of my voice or the little voice that may appear in my head. I know that I am hypocritical in several of these instances. We will write a custom essay sample on Prejudice and Ethics in Counselling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, I may think that that unemployed people are lazy, and that fat people are lazy too, when I have been unemployed and not looking for work. Even though I dont often think in prejudicial terms I can do if under pressure and stressed, and looking for someone to blame. Therapists are necessarily aware of and respect cultural, individual, and role differences, including those based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, and socio-economic status and consider these factors when working with members of such groups. Therapists try to eliminate the effect on their work of biases based on those factors, and they do not knowingly participate in or condone activities of others based upon such prejudices. Because of the tendency to generalize, rather than be specific, it is quite possible to encounter therapists who simply dont see obesity as a disability, and therefore excuse themselves, internally, from their prejudice in this area, rationalizing that the person is not disabled, but simply lazy. There are therapists who within the privacy of their own thoughts, may feel the same way about alcoholics or drug addicts. These therapists may realize that their prejudice is counter-productive to the therapeutic process, and may attempt to avoid voicing their feelings around other therapists or in the presence of their clients, but while they may succeed in not overtly expressing these feelings in front of their clients, they are usually unable to keep from letting them slip in the presence of their friends. If they are lucky, they will receive productive feedback, who may assist them in overcoming their own prejudices. This, in fact, is the idea behind supervision in the therapeutic process, wherein a therapist is monitored and overseen by another therapist who has more experience. This provides the opportunity for the therapist to be made aware of any limitations being imposed on the therapeutic process due to prejudicial attitudes, judgements, lack of education with regard to a particular illness, and many other areas. Realistically not all therapists receive the benefits of adequate supervision, and it is quite possible to find those that are limited by the prejudices with which they, knowingly or unknowingly, view the world, of which their clients form a part. Specifically addressing areas: Religious Affiliation Many of those who seek counselling have had atypical experiences in their upbringing. This often leads them into exploring areas of belief which most people with a more conventional upbringing would never consider appropriate, even if they were exposed to the opportunity. One example is Wicca which many people, out of ignorance, associate with devil-worship or something equivalent. If a counsellor is a devout Christian, with no exposure to the truth behind various forms of paganism, and if the clients belief in these things comes up in the course of therapy, it may be very difficult for the therapist to resist a little preaching or proselytizing, or to avoid associating the clients religious beliefs with their coincidentally different, and likely dysfunctional lifestyle. Obviously, if the client gets a sense of this, they are likely to shut down and be less forthcoming with their thoughts and feelings. Class This comes under the heading of socio-economic status. There are some therapists who firmly believe in dressing down when working with clients from a disadvantaged socio-economic background. This doesnt mean looking sloppy or wearing torn jeans, but just dressing simply as in trousers and a t-shirt, rather than a suit. While there is some truth to the value of not unnecessarily emphasizing a visual difference between the therapist and the client there are other therapists who insist that they should dress according to status. I feel that a therapist should dress in whatever way makes them feel most comfortable, since it is this feeling of being comfortable that the client will notice. Of course, there are other ways in which the therapist can err in contrasting their social status with that of the client. The client may get them to talking about themselves, and the therapist may let it slip that they just bought a new car. This does little to assist the client, and may engender the feeling that sure, the ideas you talk about work for you, but thats only because your life and background is so much better than mine heyll never work for me in my situation. For this reason, therapists are trained not to indulge in disclosure of their personal life beyond what might be useful in establishing rapport with the client. Ethnicity This is a prominent area in which prejudice is not tolerable. There is a difference between overcoming prejudice against someone, and being proactive for someone of a race with which you are not closely acquainted. It is one thing to avoid politically incorrect vocabulary, but quite another to be aware of appropriate role models for those of another race, based on a knowledge of their contributions to society. Of course a client of colour is very likely to pick up on such limitations on the therapists part. Age Ageism is one of the most recent entries into the area of prejudicial conscience. Factors contributing to this prejudice include fear of death and loss of control, an almost worshipful regard for youth and beauty, a societal sense of self-worth based on productivity, and a stereotype of the elderly as being institutionalized and in poor health something which is simply not the case with the majority of seniors today. Counselling a senior in regard to their love life will obviously be a stretch for the counsellor who is not age positive. Seniors are especially likely to be aware of, and sensitive to, any indication on the part of the therapist that they view them in some judgemental way as theyve learned a lot about reading people in their lifetimes. Gender Sexism can severely compromise the ability of a therapist to nurture the self-esteem and independence necessary for a client to progress. A female therapist who is unable to get past her own expectations that a male should be the strong, responsible provider in a relationship is not likely to be of much value to a male client who needs to take the time away from such responsibilities which will facilitate his ability to explore deeply repressed feelings. Also women who have had a bad experience with a certain type of chauvinistic male may then begin to see men as inferior and have difficulty dealing with an assertive male. A therapist who has herself experienced domestic violence may feel uneasy or threatened by a male who divulges that he is or was a wife-beater. The therapist must be able to compartmentalise her own feelings in order to treat the client. Sexual Orientation and Practices Prejudice against a gay male may be inseparable from prejudice against the practice of anal sex. It is also equally possible for a male therapist to resent a gay female. Contempt is a difficult emotion to mask, and a client with an alternate orientation, or the practitioner of an unusual sexual lifestyle, maybe more likely to keep this quiet. If this information is never disclosed due to fear of repugnance, it may hamper the progress of therapy. Mental Health Diagnosis Most therapists have been carefully trained to be cognizant of the very real stigma which a diagnosis of mental illness can cause in the experience of a client. When you consider that a large percentage of therapists initially enter the field of mental health either seeking to comprehend their own problems or out of the desire to help others which is based on having been raised in an emotional environment which promotes the dysfunctional beliefs of co-dependency, it is not hard to understand that they might a familiarity with the trauma of mental illness in the course of their own upbringing. Such a background can emerge during therapy as fear of, or repulsion by, certain symptoms or behaviours which might have been exhibited by family members during their own childhood, and caused them to experience their own traumas. If these feelings havent been resolved, the therapist may resist the very presence of the client whose behaviours trigger unresolved emotions from their own past. It is hardly therapeutic for the therapist to feel threatened by the client when they are at their worst in terms of symptoms or behaviours. A therapist who is only comfortable with clients who are acting normal isnt much good. Physical Disorders Any disability which is not understood can engender fear and loathing, nervousness and uncertainty. A client with cerebral palsy in addition to a mental disorder may have to work at finding a therapist who has the patience, compassion and education about the physical condition needed to make any headway into the mental condition. In this sense it is also a responsibility of the client to interview the therapist to ascertain that the therapist is competent. Most therapists eventually realize that the nature of their occupation requires that they work on and resolve their own issues as diligently as they work on resolving the issues of their clients. Having removed the emotional blocks which might cause them to unconsciously stifle the feelings nd behaviours of their clients, they still need to educate themselves in the area of multicultural awareness so as to be able to provide motivation and proactive guidance to the clients in their charge regardless of age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, socio-economic status, or any combination of these. Other things that may induce prejudice are: †¢ Jargon – the use of specialized language, creating barriers which reinforce power differences. Stereotypes – terms use d to refer to people from different groups, i. e. older people as ‘old dears’. †¢ Stigma – terms such as ‘mental handicap’ carry a damaging stigma. †¢ Exclusion – this might be inadvertently asking a Muslim what his ‘Christian’ name is, rather than his ‘first’ name. †¢ Depersonalization – this relates to terms such as ‘the elderly’ rather than ‘older people’ and ‘the mentally ill’ rather than ‘people with mental distress’ Use of language with clients: I believe it is critically important to explore our use of language as therapists. Mindful of some of the settings in which counsellors work and the specific difficulties clients struggle with, we need to be sensitive to some of the words in common use and which are deeply offensive. Working with people who have dependency problem we must be aware not to term suffers as ‘drug user’, ‘drug abuser’, ‘drug pusher’ or ‘recreational drug use’, ‘alcoholic’, ‘alcohol abuser/misuser’ It is only in recent years that we have developed a language to describe the phenomenon of child sexual abuse. Previously there was no discourse and children’s distress went often unheeded. Burstow (1992: 202) refers to ‘eating disorders’ as ‘troubled eating’. She says ‘There is nothing more orderly than the precise regimen that women who are anorexic follow’. We hear of ‘date rape’ and somehow it is thought to be less traumatic or damaging than other rape. Burstow (1992) refers to ‘psychiatric survivors’ having been ‘psychiatrized’ by the system, and Wilson and Beresford (2000) use the term ‘people with madness and distress’ rather than the more sanitized ‘mental health service users’. It is important for the therapist to develop awareness of the social and political backdrop to their clients’ stories. Does this woman, for example, stay in a violent relationship because of her personal psychology, or do issues of poverty and powerlessness and lack of appropriate support services contribute to her problems. Is she a black woman? What would her (and her children’s) experience be of a refuge where all the other women, including workers, were white. And if she were a lesbian, how might she be received or understood by her heterosexual peers.

Political Thoughts for Behalf of Subaltern Groups- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePolitical Thoughts for Behalf of Subaltern Groups. Answer: Introduction Among various strands existing in contemporary policies, Taylor focuses upon three basics agendas such as turn on the need, for recognition and sometimes the demand. The need can be identified as one among the influencing forces which govern the national movement in regards of politics. The demand comes into existence in multiple ways in era of todays politics i.e. on the behalf of subaltern groups, in the face of feminism, also what is remarked as multiculturalism (Taylor, 1997). However, the demand for recognition is realized by the supposed interlinks in between identity and acknowledgment. This involves designating an individuals understanding of who they are and relative fundamental characteristics associated within. In the event of non-recognition it can lead to amount of real distortion and harm. It can also result in an outcome of oppression, imprisonment, dissortment in addition to the minimized mode of human being. In this context, feminists argue that in patriarchal societal areas females are enforced to predict a depreciatory picture of their existence (Abbey, 2014).There is a generous serene of inferiority which restricts the famine even to grap the new opportunities instead provosts the fall of low self-esteem. In the limelight of aforesaid, there has been an analogous point made in the relative aspects of black: the white individuals have been forecasting the uncertified image of the former. The self-depreciationinfant gave rise to the persuasive problems of subjugation. The misrecognition is an outcome of lack of due respect present (Taylor, 1994). The concept of dignity The ancestors of centuries ago stared on impassively note on the account of the current use of former terms. The distinguistion can be made on the preoccupied nature of recognition and identity. Firstly, the mixture of social hierarchical levels which was previously the basis for honor. The honor is used in regime sense which therefore is related to inequalities (Fenton Mitchell, 2002). The aforesaid sense has been used in the conceptual framework of portrayal of dominion. Honor intrinsically is subjected as a matter of preferences. Against the conception of honor, the modernized impression of dignity is now used in an egalitarian and Universalist way. The underlying concept governing is that everyone shares it on the whole. Also, it is obvious that the idea of dignity is companionable within the democratic society in addition to the superseded activity of old concept. This also signifies that varied forms of even recognition have been an important concern to democratic culture. The frames of democracy have escorted the demand for equality of status. Theory of recognition Moreover, the essence of recognition has been transformed and intensified through the new developed understanding of peoples identity. In the era of eighteen century, this has been particular to the discovery of ME and I discover in myself. Therefore, it states of being true to ones own existence. This also notifies of the ideal which brings the philosophy of being true to oneself and a selective way of being in existence. The human beings are capable with the intuitive feeling of what is right and what is wrong (Thompson, 2006). The matter arises is of the consequences which is fretful with the divine recompense as well as castigation. The resultant is an outcome of anchored feelings rather than dry calculation. The concept of authenticity brings out the factor of displacement in the moral accent of the idea. Although, being in close relation with the moral feelings comes as a resultant means towards the end of right activity. In order to analyses the new being, the analogy of prior moral values needs to be scrutinized. The subjective turn in this area is in the form of realization of inner peace in depths (Kant, H. (2016).The very first initials of the new view were on the grounds of theistic in nature and not pantheistic. In the same direction, the writer who did his phenomenal contribution towards the theory of change was named as Jean Jacques Rousseau. The popularity is the outcome of something which was articulating in the culture. There are basically two forms of recognition as per the Taylors theory; firstly it is connected with the movement from honor to the end of dignity. This form of politics emphasizes the uniform level dignity within the preface of first and second class citizens. The focus is directed on the treatment which is equal and unvarying. Secondly, with advent of development of identity politics of difference states that there shall be a unique recognition of each individual within a group (Coulthard, 2007). Arguments against the proposed theory of Taylor The arguments have been made in the light of theory of difference blind politics by Rawls and others. The aforesaid have been come into existence on the basis of dignity associated. In order to justify the same, these arguments should be well versed in regards of the claim that assenting action policy has been initiated by African Americans. This temporary reaction will eventually surpass the level of playing field in addition to the allowance of old blind rules which are expected to be advantage for everyone (Tully, 2000). The politics of dignity is driven by the ideology of all humans are worthy of equal respect because of the indeed capacity which each individual share. The status as rational agents has been pointed out as single. The politics of difference is assessed as the potential for defining and forming the respective identity which departs the former significantly. At the end, it concludes that whatsoever the cultural produces, it needs to be in accordance with the equal v alue. The dialectic nature in between the two run ways are on the following grounds of: the politics of dignity entails it is thought of dealing people in the difference blind manner. It is desired to opt for the recognition and foster of particularity. The previous approaches violate the belief of nondiscrimination. In contrast, the latter reprimands not only by demanding that it negates the original identity but it also claims the allegedly uniform set of differences of blind principles (Anderson, Rungtusanatham Schroeder, 1994). In short, it reflects out as one of the prominent factor of hegemonic culture. Apparently, it custodies the politics of dignity along with the imposing nature of false homogeneity. There is also an argument of the existence of link in between the membership of the cultural group and the formation of an identity which can be expanded. In clear, this also entails that an individual can become a member of the diverse cultural groups at the same point of time. The identity of recognition: to be or not to be This agenda have shown existence in the events of Yugoslavia about the pointing of the multiculturalism. The detail includes the wisdom of solitary sex schools as well as about the fairness of affirmative action. Taylors argument favors the wide range of existing social struggle regarding feminism to cover the earlier colonized people. The resultant can be found in Canada over the Quebec status in the area of district province. It can be also addresses as the demand to analyze the distinctive characteristics of particular group acknowledged (Fraser, 2009). The demand comes in the confiscatory nature with the grownup traditions of liberalism which have been based upon the notions of rights among human beings. The Taylors approach forecast the reconfiguration of tolerance which can moderately respond in comparison to the follow ups of previous traditions. The strain realized by the rivalry actioners configures the central and key determinant issues of identity at the generalizable value across the midst of various social group as well as contexts. In this regard, Susan Wolf pointed the question on the applicability of certain claims on feminism. In justification of the claim raised the former identifies that is merely a symptom of larger issues governing the policies underlying. The gap lies in the thinking mechanism of contemporary commentators in regards of the identity differentiations (Voice, 2005). Certainly, all those who are agrumenating against the Taylors predefined theory are the one who have the acknowledgments of the particular group in the public life which leads towards the factors of social fragmentation and hostility. For example in the above case- the opponents are believed to have something in common with the nationalist Serbs. At the same phase, Taylor favors to defend the notion of public life with the more inclusi on of community specific goals. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that Taylor surely highlighted the cultural membership as one of the crucial factor in defining of identity. However, it also takes into account that culture so adopted gets wholly recognized. Significantly, the nonappearance of social recognition is expected to have strong adverse impact on the self-esteem within the members of a particular group. The demand for the acclimatization is not feasible because of the fact it ignores the linkage in between of the cultural membership and formation of the respective identity needs (Lash Featherstone, 2001). It is based on the strong ratio of commitment on the side of individuals towards the respective cultures. The work of Taylor also admits that gateways of attaining the cultural survival are believed to be at odds in context of liberal values. Moreover, the conflict is sustained on the platform of intimate and social recognition. As per Taylors thesis the former are necessities in the formulation of an iden tity. The relative practices of collective goals for the cultural survival can prove harmful to the women. But in this concern, the solution lies in the defining of the identities in dialogue with the significant contribution of others. In case of lop siding of the dialogue proposed due to the set of cultural practices, the instinct ability to acquire the intimate recognition is expected to be muffled. The survival of practices is accompanied with the cultural survival which generates the prologues of tension between intimate and social recognition. Both of them are in the confiscatory nature with each other. Previously, due the burden which the cultural survival brings on future generations and also it is not neutral on the vacationers. Secondly, the demand for recognition takes the notion of what it considers to the cultural groups to be more rigid in form. This notion restricts the cultural members to deviate from the path and find the new doorways. The recognized problems can be allevi ated by the increase in criterias of politics of difference. This kind of expansion also promotes the membership with the differentiated cultural groups. Meaningfully, it also generates less monolithic and exclusive stance towards the cultural dealings. It also regulates the perceivance of conflict in between two diverse cultural groups members in addition to the movement within. As a result, it alleviates the existence of tension between cultural survival and liberal values. With the presumption of an individual that choices need not be absolute, the former have the option which is liberal in nature as far as it is need in aspect of resolvance. In the same manner, factors governing women harm can be lessen by the selection of less patriarchal option. A politics of difference is must in order to secure the cultural survival. References Abbey, R. (2014).Charles Taylor. Routledge. Anderson, J. C., Rungtusanatham, M., Schroeder, R. G. (1994). A theory of quality management underlying the Deming management method.Academy of management Review,19(3), 472-509. Coulthard, G. S. (2007). Subjects of empire: Indigenous peoples and the politics of recognitionin Canada.Contemporary political theory,6(4), 437-460. Fenton, E., Mitchell, T. (2002). Growing old with dignity: a concept analysis.Nursing Older People (through 2013),14(4), 19. Fraser, N. (2009). Social justice in the age of identity politics.Geographic thought: A praxis perspective, 72-91. Lash, S. Featherstone, M. (2001). Recognition and difference. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02632760122051751?journalCode=tcsa Kant, H. (2016). Charles Taylor, The Politics ofRecognition. Retrieved from https://politicalnotmetaphysical.wordpress.com/2016/05/27/charles-taylor-the-politics-of-recognition/ Taylor, C. (1994).Multiculturalism. Princeton University Press. Taylor, C. (1997). The politics of recognition.New contexts of Canadian criticism,98, 25-73. Thompson, S. (2006).The political theory of recognition: A critical introduction. Polity. Tully, J. (2000). Struggles over recognition and distribution.Constellations,7(4), 469-482. Voice, P. (2005). Book Review: Redistribution or Recognition? A Political-Philosophical Exchange.

Practicum Outline free essay sample

State explicitly and succinctly b. Introduction should lead up to and provide support for this section C. Current Study (section 3) *In this section, you should discuss what the current study will investigate and what the researcher hypothesizes for the outcomes of the study* a. Major Research Questions (section 3) i. State explicitly and succinctly ii. Be sure that you operationally define your important terms iii. Remember, each question should only have ONE independent variable . Research Hypotheses (section 3) i. Provide a clear, logical argument based on past research and theory for your hypotheses ii. Be sure to state a null hypothesis and a research hypothesis for question iii. Briefly describe D. Significance of the Study (section 4) a. Although this section will likely be very short, it needs. What theoretical/practical reasons are there for wanting to investigate your questions? c. Why is it important to conduct the study? d. How might your results provide a contribution to the field? Provide a historical background of previous research on all of your variables B. We will write a custom essay sample on Practicum Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Theory Relevant to your Research Questions (section 2, if applicable; you do not need to use this as a title for the section; this section may be broken into subsections) a. What theory or theories provide support or a framework for your research questions? b. Describe how those theories relate to your project C. Current Literature Relevant to your Research Questions and Hypotheses (section 3; you do not need to use this as a title for the section; may be broken into subsections) a. Explore literature relating to your variables, independently. i. For example, if you are studying the relationship between parenting style and educational attainment, you need to describe previous research on parenting style (in general) and previous research on educational attainment (in general) b. Explore literature relating to your combination of variables i. For example, if you are studying the relationship between parenting style and educational attainment, you need to describe previous research to how parenting style and educational attainment are related. c. Do NOT just list your studies and describe each of them in a listing order. Rather, identify the common themes and threads within the literature that ties all of them together d. Identify and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the previous studies. Instrument/Measurement (section 3) a. Fully describe the instrument or method of measurement that you used b. Describe the traits that were measured with the scale, format, and scoring c. If you used an existing instrument, provide a citation for it and provide reliability and validity estimates. d. If you created your own instrument, describe it in detail, including sample questions, and scale type as well as reliability and validity estimates D. Procedure (section 4) a. Provide a step-by-step encounter of what the participants encountered.